Lockup Doc

As correctional health care professionals, there may be times when we are tempted to conduct ourselves in a less than professional manner simply because we can.

We may be able to get away with speaking to our patients rudely, using profanity profusely, or wearing inappropriate clothing. After all, we work in jails and prisons. This culture is far from prim and proper. And, our patients are inmates. Many may tolerate misbehavior from us that patients on the outside would not and should not tolerate.

I’ve previously written about how I’ve found the book, Games Criminals Play, to be an invaluable resource. One key point that I learned is that many inmates, especially those trying to set up and manipulate staff, want to know whether each prison worker is a fellow inmate or “the police.” In other words, do we side with the inmates, or are we professional workers who take our jobs seriously? Read more…

It’s an unfortunate scenario I’ve seen time and time again:

• Parent goes to prison.
• Child, who already felt neglected by parent, becomes more upset when parent ends up behind bars. Child either blames the parent for misbehavior that results in parent being taken away from child and/or blames him or herself (as children often do).
• Parent tries to have contact with child via phone calls, letters, or visits.
• Child decides that he or she wants nothing to do with parent
• Parent, often with poor parenting and poor coping skills, feels like a failure and simultaneously is upset about being rejected.
• Parent needs to decide how to handle situation and often chooses to Read more…

Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban) is a unique but commonly prescribed antidepressant that inhibits the reuptake of dopamine and norepinephrine. It is FDA approved for the treatment of major depressive disorder, seasonal affective disorder, and smoking cessation. It is commonly used off-label for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Anecdotally there have long been reports of abuse and diversion of bupropion in jails and prisons. In my own personal experience in these settings, I have not seen much evidence of such misuse. Inmates rarely present to me seeking this medication. By contrast, and about which I have previously written, quetiapine (Seroquel) is highly desired medication in corrections.

I conducted a literature search on this topic and Read more…

As a psychiatrist who has now been practicing for over a decade, I think back to the days of residency and fellowship and realize how much my approach to prescribing benzodiazepines has changed.

One of the key faculty members in my psychiatry residency program was considered an expert in treating anxiety disorders. He was very liberal with his prescription of benzodiazepines, the anti-anxiety class of medications including diazepam (Valium), clonazepam (Klonopin), lorazepam (Ativan), alprazolam (Xanax) and others.

Having no other frame of reference, I naively adopted his unsparing prescription-writing habit of these not-so-benign medications. I unquestioningly steered down this path for the first couple years of my post-training practice.

Then I had the good fortune of working with a very competent group of experienced psychiatrists who were in full-time clinical practice. Regularly collaborating on cases with them helped to initiate my transformation to more conservative, and in my opinion, more appropriate,  prescribing habits.

My prescription style inevitably evolved further when Read more…

Many non-correctional health care providers will also treat inmates from time to time. This may occur in the office or hospital. How can one best approach the challenges of working with the incarcerated in order to deliver the best possible care while simultaneously managing risk?

1. Treat the patient with respect. Not submissive respect, but mutual respect — the way we all want to be treated. I believe that this principle alone goes a long way towards helping one to establish a therapeutic alliance and to minimize interpersonal conflict and hostility. Inmates are people, too. Those who do not agree with this statement should steer clear of treating them.

2. Listen attentively. It may be tempting to get this shackled person (who you may secretly be embarrassed to have in your office) out as expediently as possible. Squelch that temptation, and listen actively as you would to any patient. All patients want their concerns taken seriously. Inmates are no exception. I believe you minimize problems for yourself in the long run (and provide better care) if you ensure that  patients’ concerns are heard, especially if they seem to have more challenging personality styles.

3. Be honest. If there is a particular reason why you think something the patient is requesting is inappropriate, then politely tell them so. If you believe they have a particular diagnosis, psychiatric or not, then Read more…

To be effective and enjoy working as a psychiatrist in any setting requires unique personality traits. Likewise, to be effective and enjoy any type of work in corrections requires unique personality traits. But, working as a psychiatrist AND doing so in jails and prisons narrows down the field even further.

For the right candidate it can be a very rewarding career. For others, frustration and ultimately burnout may result.

Here are a few personality traits that I believe are important:

1. Having a Strong Sense of Independence: One needs to be able to organize and prioritize many different tasks without having to ask for advice and reassurance often.

2. Having Patience: Prisons and jails work on their own schedules. The primary priority is always security. Health care is an ancillary service in corrections, not the primary mission. There will be frequent delays and inconveniences that arise. One must be able to shift gears, adapt, and still make the best use of the time available.

3. Having a Sense of Humility: Psychiatrists make more money than most workers in correctional settings and also must work hard to earn the respect of other staff since those providing “help” in corrections are often seen as enablers. Walking in with an attitude will assure a psychiatrist even higher doses of resentment and passive-aggressive behavior from Read more…

This is a more personal post than most for me, but it seems right during the holiday season. I’ve written before about the field of correctional psychiatry. In that particular post, I mentioned some of the appealing factors of working as a correctional psychiatrist. I realize that some people find it difficult to believe that there are intrinsic rewards to working with inmates. If there weren’t, though,  none of us would do what we do. There is no doubt that there are also many challenges. Many inmates, for various reasons, test even the most seasoned clinicians’ patience.

However, one does not need to be a health care professional in corrections to work with difficult people. In fact, one does not have to be working at all. Everyone must deal with rude, aggressive, demanding, or irrational people to varying degrees in different life situations.

I do believe, though, that Read more…

Malingering, which means to feign or exaggerate symptoms for secondary gain, occurs in all medical settings but is especially prevalent in jails and prisons. While it essential for all health care professionals working in corrections to become proficient in detecting malingering, even those working in non-correctional environments will be better clinicians if they learn this skill.

In the December 2009 issue of Current Psychiatry, Lawrence Reccoppa, MD, a correctional psychiatrist from Florida, wrote a brief article entitled, “Mentally ill or malingering? 3 clues cast doubt.”

The “3 D’s,” as he calls them: Read more…